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LONG AND GRANDIOSE

An Unique Sound Instrument Used for Signaling by the Roman Army Centuries ago Still in use Today by the Highlanders and Shepherds of ROMANIA

Romania in southeast Europe is known as a country with amazingly rich traditions and many ancient customs which have been nourished and have flourished for past many centuries. Many of them can be seen and experienced even today in mountainous regions of Transylvania, Maramures and Bucovina regions.

There in some areas in the highlanders’ villages there is in use even now a unique instrument called ‘bucium’, ‘trambica’ or ‘tulnic’. It is an ancient instrument mentioned in Romanian literature of 16th century, but which has roots that go back to the first century era of Roman Empire which ruled this part of the Balkans. At that time this instrument was used by their military for signaling.

‘Bucium’ is in fact Romanian version of ‘alphorn’ with grandiose measures – it is usually 1.5 to 3 meters long with end that can be straight or curved giving out unique loud, deep, and penetrating sounds. Due to such strong spreading sounds ‘bucium’ was used in mountainous regions of Romania by shepherds as a sort of communication and coordination of their herds and dogs and for signaling and making the highlanders aware of some unusual events like woodfires, floodings, attacks, some important village celebration or announcing the funerals of some villagers. It was very important and efficient way of communicating for mountaineers.

The use of ‘bucium’ instrument has been deeply rooted in pastoral life of Romanian highlanders especially shepherds who usually used ‘ bucium’ to call sheepfolds in the morning to go to pastures and call them back to shelters for milking in the evenings. The sounds used for those actions have different tunes for morning and evening which are recognized by sheepfolds and dogs making them react to them according to shepherds’ wishes. Very characteristic sounds of this ancient instrument and the instrument itself is a real attraction for visitors to the highlands of Romania nowadays where it is still in use as the art of playing and using it has been kept alive by transferring it from generation to generation.

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